Business Formal report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Formal report - Essay Example Memo of Transmittal DATE: October XX, XXXX. TO: FROM: XXXX SUBJECT: Business In response to the request made by you on October XX, 2012, I have completed writing the project report after undergoing a detailed research using both primary and secondary sources regarding the various factors related to intercultural communication. I am pleased to present you the project report as asked by you. Please find the report attached herewith. The problem statement in this research study is to develop best practices of intercultural communication for the assigned company. The study has selected United Kingdom as target market for the company. The study used case study of a Polish manufacturer in order to understand existing best practices in the business environment. Based on the findings and analysis of the research study, it is recommended that the company needs to adopt British culture and recruit local people to overcome linguistics barrier in the United Kingdom. Detailed recommendations are illustrated in last section of the study. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions associated with the project report or if you need any kind of additional information. I will try to assist you in every possible way. Enc. Project Report Table of Contents Table of Contents 4 Scenario 3 6 PESTLE of UK 6 Political 6 Economical 6 Social 6 Technological 7 Environmental 7 Legal 7 Porter’s Diamond Model 8 Chance Factor 8 Factor Condition 8 Firm’s Strategy 8 Demand 8 Supporting Facility 9 Government 9 PIMLICO 9 Strategic Initiative 9 Phases of PIMLICO 10 Case Study on Industry Best Practices 11 Recommendation 12 Conclusion 14 Works Cited 15 Scenario 3 United Kingdom has been selected for the company to open their first international division. A macro environment auditing is needed to be done in order to understand business opportunities present in the country (Henry 52-58). PESTLE of UK Political The political issues represent the ongoing political situation of the country. It indicates the factors such as tax policies, political changes and issues regarding trade restriction, tariffs and the constancy of the government. The political design of United Kingdom is a legal monarchy and also a parliamentary system. The country is very much politically stable. Economical The economic contributors include gross domestic product, interest rates, unemployment rates, inflation rate and growth rate of the economy. The economy of UK is one of the strongest economies around the globe. UK is regards as highly manufacturing country. The other significant sectors of UK include fishing, tourism, agricultural and finance. The official currency of United Kingdom is British pound sterling. Social The social issues include patterns in demographics such as size, population, cultural factors and consumer behavior. The culture of UK regards the idiosyncratic cultural inheritance. British people generally speak English as the local language. It is classified by the existence of dissimilar types of consumers in the market. Technological Factors comprise rate of new product development, increase in process automation and other technical infrastructures such as technology transfer, technology inducements, internet application and research & development. In United Kingdom technology plays central parts of any business.

African American Gay Rights Essay Example for Free

African American Gay Rights Essay I cannot begin to argue about African American/Hispanic LGBT, living in New York City and their civil rights without remembering the public outcry against black civil rights. Although the focus of this paper is on African American/Hispanic LGBT living in New York City and Their Rights to Marriage I have decided to start my paper of by discussing the civil rights movement of the 1960s. The civil rights movement of the 1960s and the continuing struggle against race-based discrimination were rooted in the struggle against slavery. As early as the eighteen hundreds the United States legislative had laws known as segregation laws that limited certain freedom to them. They had to live in separate neighborhood, attend separate schools, drive in the back of public buses verses in the front where Whites were; African American would not dare go against these laws back then because if and when they did, they were unjustly imprisoned, beaten lynched and more for just trying to exercise human rights. In the 1960s African Americans led a fight to remove the legally codified vestiges of slavery from our constitution and from state and local laws. Most repulsive among these, were Jim Crow laws that required racial segregation; African Americans had to endure all these things until The Civil Rights Movement. The modern concept of civil rights was pioneered by African Americans in their long struggle to become full citizens of the United States. From the Civil Rights Movement to the Stonewall Riots of 1969 to May 17, 2004, the LGBTQ movement has made some tremendous gains into mainstream society, a reality that has not been afforded to African Americans. The African American Civil Rights Movement gave birth to many other civil rights movements in the 1960s. African Americans not only made new law, their success gave new hope. Among the many efforts sparked by the African American Civil Rights Movements were the efforts to end discrimination against women, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, people with disabilities and lesbians and gays. Some African American still has one more river to cross because now African American LGBT are fighting a new civil war, the fight for same sex marriage; the right to be legally married. Currently, marriage has two distinct components: civil marriage and the religious ritual of marriage. Mixed-gender couples can have a civil marriage without the religious ceremony/ritual. Couples can have a religious ceremony/ritual, without a civil marriage. Some couples can choose both. However, to receive the legal protections of marriage, a couple must have a civil marriage, which is the only marriage that can be addressed by courts or legislatures. The LBGT believe that the rights and legal protections of civil marriage that are given to mixed-gender couples and families should also be extended to couples and families who are headed by same-gender couples. These include the rights of survivorship, inheritance, insurance, joint income tax filing, and a myriad of rights that many mixed-gender couples take for granted. For African American LGBT, state regulation has been particularly harsh. State sodomy law has had a way of preventing LGBT from acquiring some of the rights they are entitle to. Today, fewer than half the state has sodomy laws. LGBT recognizes New York City for being the birth place for many modern gay movements; however, New York has not yet passed any law giving LGBT legal protection and political support, (right to marriage being on of them). New York State gay rights bill, first introduced in 1971, still has not become law. While other states, like Vermont has established civil unions for LGBT, New York has not. Andy Humm writes that the biggest gay-related debate throughout the country right now is over government sanction of same-sex elationships. Vermont has gone the furthest, establishing civil unions for gay couples that confer almost all of the rights to which a married man and woman are entitled, though stopping short of full legal marriage. New Yorkers may travel to Vermont for the civil ceremony as of July 1, but there is some question as to what legal weight it will carry back home. The federal government enacted the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) in 1996 when it looked as if Hawaii might give same-sex couples marriage licenses. It barred federal recognition of legal same-sex marriages performed in any state and gave the other states the right not to honor such a contract. Thirty-two states have passed laws barring recognition of same-sex marriages performed in other states, even though no state or nation allows gay couples to obtain a marriage license. (Holland will likely be the first in 2001. ) A New York version of the Defense of Marriage Act is pending in Albany, but has not had a vote in either chamber. Bibliography Diane Silver et al. , The New Civil War: The Lesbian and Gay Struggle For Civil Rights (New York; New York:1997), 25-26 Andy Humm, The State of gay rights in New York, Available http://www. gothamgazette. com/iotw/gayrights/ (Accessed May 16, 2005).

Schwann Cells and Nerve Regeneration

Schwann Cells and Nerve Regeneration Yinghui Xu   Ã‚   Abstract The majority of the nervous system cells are glial cells, which have various properties and functions. Schwann cells are the principal glial cells of the peripheral nervous system(PNS). In normal nerves, they function to form insulating myelin sheath around axons and provide support to neurons. In injured nerves, however, they change their properties and switch function to that of supporting nerve regeneration. Understanding their ability in the switching process could lead to better treatment for those suffering from nerve injuries. This essay gives an overview of the structure and development of Schwann cells and the causes of nerve injuries. It also provides an explanation in the role that Schwann cells play in supporting nerve regeneration and how different approach could promote nerve regeneration. Introduction to Schwann cells Schwann cells are the most abundant glial cells in the PNS. They are a diverse group of cells originated from neural crest cells and they play an essential role in the PNS of both vertebrate and invertebrate. They can be subdivided by their morphology and anatomical location into four subsets, namely the myelinating Schwann cells, non-myelinating Schwann cells, satellite cells and perisynaptic Schwann cells (Armati Mathey, 2014).These different types of Schwann cells and their anatomical locations are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Locations of different types of Schwann cells in the PNS(Armati Mathey, 2007). (a) Satellite Schwann cells in the dorsal root ganglia. (b) Non myelinating Schwann cells in mixed peripheral nerve fibres. (c) Myelinating Schwann cells in mixed nerve fibres. (d)Perisynapic Schwann cells at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Each subset of Schwann cells has different functions. For example, perisynaptic Schwann cells are essential for modulating NMJ function whereas satellite Schwann cells have the ability to regulate the neuronal environment (Armati Mathey, 2007). Non-myelinating Schwann cells associate with several axons via a single layer of myelin. Myelinating Schwann cells are the most studied Schwann cell subset and they are most known for their function in speeding up the propagation of action potentials. Myelinating Schwann cells wrap around axons of neurons to form the insulating myelin sheath. Between the myelin sheaths are periodic gaps called nodes of Ranvier where action potentials occur. Action potentials jump from one node to the next node,in a process called saltatory conduction, which increases conduction velocity and allows signals to be propagated long distances without any degradation. In addition to their function in the propagation of action potentials, Schwann cells have many subtle yet essential functions, one of which is its role in nerve regeneration. This essay will focus on the characteristics of Schwann cells and how they respond to injury that allows the PNS to regenerate after damage. Development of Schwann cells The myelinating and nonmyelinating Schwann cells in the PNS are originated from the neural crest, which is a multipotent structure that also gives rise to other glial cells of the PNS. Schwann cell development occurs in well-defined developmental steps, which are strictly regulated by a number of signals. (Figure 1.2). During the first stage of Schwann cell development, neural crest cells produces Schwann cell precursors. These then generate the immature Schwann cells. At birth, the immature Schwann cells differentiate into either the myelinating or nonmyelinating Schwann cells. Figure 1.2 Main stages of Schwann cell development (Jessen, et al., 2015). Peripheral nerve injury Peripheral nerve injury is injury to peripheral nervous tissue. It can occur at any point along a peripheral nerve. Nerves can be damaged by a number of mechanisms such as compression, traction, or a cut. They can also get damaged by toxins, infection and physical agents such as freezing and electrical current (Murray, 2014). 2.1 Structure of peripheral nerves In order to understand the pathophysiology of peripheral nerve injury, it is important to know the anatomical structure of a peripheral nerve (Figure 2). Axon is made up of neurofilaments and microtubules that transport substances between the nerve cell body and the axon terminal. All peripheral nerve axons are associated with Schwann cells. In larger (myelinated) nerves, Schwann cells generate layers of myelin around the axon to form a sheath, whereas in smaller (unmyelinated) nerves a single Schwann cell associates with several axons via a single layer of myelin. The connective tissue (the endoneurium) that surrounds the axon-Schwann cell unit provides structural support to individual axons. Nerve fibres are further protected by a surrounding multipayered cellular tube (the perineurium) that surround nerve fascicles (Jessen, et al., 2015; Murray, 2014). Finally, the entire nerve trunks are protected by the outermost connective tissue (the epineurium) (Murray, 2014). Figure 2 Anatomical structure and main cellular components of a peripheral nerve (Jessen, et al., 2015). 2.2 Pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury Regardless of cause, there is a limited range of responses to peripheral nerve injury. Wallerian degeneration. Wallerian degeneration occurs when there is a loss of axonal continuity by cut or crush. Communication is lost between the cell body and the segment of nerve distal to the site of injury. As a consequence, the distal nerve segment degenerate. The details of the initiation of this degeneration remain to be fully explained, but evidence shows that an increase in intraaxonal calcium activates proteases, which leads to the degradation of the axon cytoskeleton. Wallerian degeneration is also associated with the degeneration of the myelin sheath by lipases and proteases. Schwan cells (and later macrophages) are involved in further myelin degeneration. Schwann cells also proliferate and undergo morphological changes and are induced to generate molecules that will be required for nerve regeneration later on. Figure 2.2 Wallerian degeneration2.3 Types of peripheral nerve injury There are two main types of peripheral nerve injury (Burnett Zager, 2004). The first type is axonotmesis, in which axons are damaged but the connective tissue sheaths are preserved. This type of injury can be caused by compression, traction and laceration but it is mainly seen in crush injury (Murray, 2014). Axonal regeneration is very effective and function is restored in 3-4 week when modelled in rodents by nerve crush (Jessen, et al., 2015). The second and the more severe type of nerve injury, neurotmesis, involves damage to both the axon and connective tissue sheath. Severe traction, crush and laceration can lead to neurotmesis (Murray, 2014). In this case, functional recovery is generally poor. The Schwann cell injury response When nerve injury occurs, Schwann cells respond rapidly and undergoes a radical phenotypic change. The process has two major parts, one of which is the reversal of myelin differentiation. Molecules involved in forming Schwann cells before myelination are up-regulated while myelin associated genes are down-regulated (Jessen, et al., 2015). The other part of the response involves the appearance of phenotypes that are not associated with normal Schwann cells or immature Schwann cells. These cells have a repair supportive phenotype and contribute to the nerve regeneration process. Schwann cells function in multiple modes during nerve regeneration. There are four main functions that Schwann cells carry out in response to nerve injury (Niu, 2009). These functions include(1) activating macrophages and clearing debris; (2) forming the Bungner band; (3) secreting neurotropic factors; (4) secreting ECM and CAM. 3.1 Schwann cells secrete cytokines to attract macrophages When an axon is cut, the end still attached to the cell body is called the proximal segment, while the other end is called the distal segment. The process of nerve regeneration involves the formation of axonal sprouts at the proximal stump and the growth of axonal sprouts until they enter the distal stump. Efficient nerve regeneration needs a suitable microenvironment which is regulated by macrophages via their phagocytotic and clearing functions (Barrette, et al., 2008). Experiment by Huang et al. showed that Schwann cells can secrete macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) when peripheral nerve injury occurs (Huang, et al., 2002). MIF is a pluripotent cytokine that functions in inflammatory reactions and immune responses. It also plays an important role in macrophage activation, attracting macrophages to clear away debris at the injury site and regulate the microenvironment to allow for efficient regeneration. Nishio et al. administered anti-MIF polyclonal antibody into regenerating rat sciatic nerves using the silicone chamber model. The results showed that the regeneration length of the nerve in the anti-MIF antibody-treated group was significantly shorter than that in the control group at weeks 2,4,6 after surgery (Nishio, et al., 2002). In addition, a large number of apoptotic Schwann cells were observed the anti-MIF antibody-treated nerves. These results suggest that MIF also contributes to the acceleration of peripheral nerve regeneration and the prevention of Schwann cell apoptosis (Nishio, et al., 2002). Besides MIF, other cytokines such as MCP-1 were also secreted by Schwann cells When peripheral nerve injury occurs, Schwann cells secrete MIF and other cytokines which activates macrophages. Invading macrophages also secrete cytokines which contribute to Schwann cell proliferation (Kubota Suzuki, 2000). Injury-induced Schwann cell proliferation plays an important role in axon regeneration as described in the following section. Schwann cells are also capable of phagocytosing myelin and they cooperate with macrophages to clear away myelin and debris (Jessen, et al., 2015), providing a good microenvironment for nerve regeneration to occur. 3.2 Schwann cells proliferate to form the Bungner band to guide axonal growth Schwann cells are highly plastic. The change has been characterised as de-differentiation (Chen, et al., 2007), but it is also seen by some groups as activation (Armstrong, et al., 2007). The two terms seem to be contradictory to each other, but this can have a simple explanation, which is that the change in Schwann cell phenotypes during Wallerian degeneration in fact involves both of these processes. The conversion of Schwann cells to repair Schwann cells involves both a loss- dedifferentiation and a gain-activation of phenotypes In the distal stump of injured nerves, denervated Schwann cells undergo a phenotypic change to form repair Schwann cells. These repair Schwann cells form Bungner bands which are regeneration tracks that provide support for injured nerves and guide regenerating axons to their targets. 3.3 Schwann cells secrete neurotropic factors (NTF) to enhance nerve regeneration NTFs are peptides or small proteins that support the growth and differentiation of neurons. The level of their expression is elevated in Schwann cells during nerve injury. Because of their strong function in promoting neuronal growth, they may be used to prevent the impairment of function or death of neurons during nerve injury (Niu, 2009). Most NTFs produce their effects by signalling through receptor tyrosine kinases (Malenka, et al., 2009). NTFs can be divided by their cellular mechanisms into three families, namely the neurotrophin family, the CNTF family and GDNF family (Henderson, 1996) 3.3.1 Neurotrophin family The neurotrophin family includes nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3/4/5/6/7 (NT-3/4/5/6/7). There are two receptor types for neurotrophins. The first type is called the tropomyosin receptor kinanse (Trk) which has an high affinity to different neurotrophins. TrkA is the receptor for NGF, Trk B can be the receptor for BGNF, NT-4 and NT-3, and TrkC is activated only by NT-3. The other type of is called p75 neurotrophin receptor which has a low affinity and can bind with all neurotrophins (Niu, 2009).. NGF is the first discovered neurotrophin. It is critical for the proliferation and survival of neurons, especially after nerve injury. Schwann cells express an elevated level of NGF during nerve injury, which promotes axonal regeneration and accelerates the process of nerve repair (Niu, 2009). Recombinant NGF have been produced in laboratory and it is regarded as a feasible therapy for neurodegeneration of the CNS and PNS (Colangelo, et al., 2005). BDNF help to support the survival of existing neurons and promote the growth and differentiation of new neurons (Huang Reichardt, 2001). Schwann cells that are genetically modified to overly express BDNF significantly improve the survival of spinal gangalion neuron (Pettingil, et al., 2008). Takano et al. developed an in vitro model for retinal explants and showed that BDNF greatly promoted the regeneration of neurites from retinal ganglion cells in a damaged retina. A considerabe number of neurites were observed within 24 hour in the group containing BDNF while only a small number of neurites were observed after 3 days in the control group (Takano, et al., 2002). Other neutrophins use different ways to accelerate nerve repair when damage occurs. Using NT-3 alone or in combination with other NTFs can promote nerve regeneration in the injured spinal cord (Taylor, et al., 2006; Arvanian, et al., 2006). Research by English et al. showed that neutotrophin-4/5 is required for the early growth of regenerating axons in peripheral nerves (English, et al., 2005). 3.3.2 Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) family The CNTF family includes CNTF, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). LIF and IL-6 can act directly on neurons to promote axonal regeneration (Jessen, et al., 2015). The most prominent function of the CNTF family is its prevention of motor neuron degeneration, which suggests that it can be used as a therapeutic treatment for human degenerative motor neuron diseases (Sendtner, et al., 1992). 3.3.3 GDNF family GDNF is a small protein that supports the survival of many types of neurons including motorneutrons. It can also prevent apoptosis of motor neurons caused by axotomy. 3.4 Schwann cells produce extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) and cell adhesion molecules (CAM) The endoneurium surrounding peripheral axons contain a large amount of ECM secreted by Schwann cells. ECM is rich in collagen and contains glycoproteins such as fibronectin and laminin (Niu, 2009). ECM regulates key aspects of Schwann cell development including the formation and function of myelin (Court, et al., 2006). In addition, they mediate Schwann cell proliferation and axon growth (Armstrong, et al., 2007; Webber Zochodne, 2010). CAMs secreted by Schwann cells are involved in peripheral nerve repair. They play an important role in axon growth and formation of nerve bundles. Study from Lavdas et al showed that Schwann cells have the ability to migrate in the CNS, promoting myelin regeneration and making it possible for remyelination in the CNS (Lavdas, et al., 2006) . Experiment from Park et al. showed that the attachment and proliferation of Schwann cells are affected by special CAMs. It is therefore important to consider choosing optimal CAMs for tissue-engineered nerve regeneration (Park, et al., 2008). Summary Schwann cells use the above four ways to function during peripheral nerve repair. Many years of research have already proved that Schwann cells can secrete a large amount of molecules to support neurons and accelerate the damage repair process. However, further research is needed to show whether As Although the PNS is able to regenerate, much research still needs to done to maximise regeneration potential.      Ã‚  

Quackery :: essays research papers

Quackery This year, we Americans will spend billions of dollars on products that do nothing for us - or may even harm us. And we'll do it for the same reason people have done it since ancient times... We want to believe in miracles. We want to find simple solutions and shortcuts to better health. It's hard to resist. All of us, at one time or another, have seen or heard about a product - a new and exotic pill, a device, or potion - that can easily solve our most vexing problem. With this product, we're told, we can eat all we want and still lose weight. We can grow taller or have bigger breasts. Or we can overcome baldness, age, arthritis, even cancer. It sounds too good to be true - and it is. But we're tempted to try the product in spite of all we know about modern medical science - or perhaps because of it. After all, many treatments we take for granted today were once considered miracles. How can we tell the difference? Not all advertisements for health products are false, of course. In fact, the vast majority aren't .So just what is quackery? Simply put, quackery is the promotion of a medical remedy that doesn't work or hasn't been proven to work. In modern times, quackery is known as health fraud. But call it quackery or call it health fraud, the result is the same - unfulfilled wishes, wasted dollars, endangered health. Often quack products are fairly easy to spot, like the magic pills you are supposed to take to stay forever young. But sometimes the products are vaguely based on some medical report that you may even have heard about in the news. In general, when looking over ads for medicines and medical devices, watch out for those that seem to promise too much too easily. Quack cures rob us of more than money. They can steal health away or even take lives. Quacks may lure the seriously and often desperately ill, such as people suffering from arthritis and cancer, into buying a bogus cure. When people try quack remedies instead of getting effective medical help, their illnesses progress, sometimes beyond the treatable stage. Quacks have always been quick to exploit current thinking. The snake-oil salesmen a few generations back carried an array of "natural" remedies to sell to a public that was still close to the frontier. And today, quacks take advantage of the back-to-nature movement, capitalizing on the notion that there ought to be simple, natural solutions to almost any problem.

Brave New World

Through the author’s manipulation of word choice, the reader can infer that the brave new world’s society is based on advanced technology and science. Words such as â€Å"laboratories† and â€Å"microscopes† are generally used in an environment that relates to the field of science. One wouldn't typically find microscopes in the kitchen after all. By using these diction words to help describe the scene, the reader can infer from common knowledge the location must be some form of science practice. Another give away that Brave New World is a place of innovative technologies would be the building’s name: â€Å"Conditioning Centre. † Its uncommon in most societies if not all for â€Å"conditioning† to be immoral, based on the practice is a science to rid free will. With this part of the text, the reader can assume the Brave New World is an advanced society with developed ideals. The numerous mental images depicted in Brave New World — â€Å"microscopes,† â€Å"polished tubes,† laboratories filled with white coats and zygotes — conveys Huxley’s concept of a world filled with technological advances. When one reads the words â€Å"Hatchery and Conditioning Centre,† immediately subjects being hatched and molded comes to mind. Although it is not known what is being hatched from the passage, the reader can infer that a thirty-four story building is there for a lot more than brooding poultry. Once introduced inside of the building, the author gives a description of the laboratories within. As the Director enters the â€Å"Fertilizing Room,† the author creates a room of silence, occupied by three hundred Fertilizers in unison â€Å"bent over their instruments. These are professors Through the author’s manipulation of word choice, the reader can infer that the brave new world’s society is based on advanced technology and science. Words such as â€Å"laboratories† and â€Å"microscopes† are generally used in an environment that relates to the field of science. One wouldn't typically find microscopes in the kitchen after all. By using these dict ion words to help describe the scene, the reader can infer from common knowledge the location must be some form of science practice. Another give away that Brave New World is a place of innovative technologies would be the building’s name: â€Å"Conditioning Centre. † Its uncommon in most societies if not all for â€Å"conditioning† to be immoral, based on the practice is a science to rid free will. With this part of the text, the reader can assume the Brave New World is an advanced society with developed ideals. The numerous mental images depicted in Brave New World — â€Å"microscopes,† â€Å"polished tubes,† laboratories filled with white coats and zygotes — conveys Huxley’s concept of a world filled with technological advances. When one reads the words â€Å"Hatchery and Conditioning Centre,† immediately subjects being hatched and molded comes to mind. Although it is not known what is being hatched from the passage, the reader can infer that a thirty-four story building is there for a lot more than brooding poultry. Once introduced inside of the building, the author gives a description of the laboratories within. As the Director enters the â€Å"Fertilizing Room,† the author creates a room of silence, occupied by three hundred Fertilizers in unison â€Å"bent over their instruments. † These are professors Brave New World Through the author’s manipulation of word choice, the reader can infer that the brave new world’s society is based on advanced technology and science. Words such as â€Å"laboratories† and â€Å"microscopes† are generally used in an environment that relates to the field of science. One wouldn't typically find microscopes in the kitchen after all. By using these diction words to help describe the scene, the reader can infer from common knowledge the location must be some form of science practice. Another give away that Brave New World is a place of innovative technologies would be the building’s name: â€Å"Conditioning Centre. † Its uncommon in most societies if not all for â€Å"conditioning† to be immoral, based on the practice is a science to rid free will. With this part of the text, the reader can assume the Brave New World is an advanced society with developed ideals. The numerous mental images depicted in Brave New World — â€Å"microscopes,† â€Å"polished tubes,† laboratories filled with white coats and zygotes — conveys Huxley’s concept of a world filled with technological advances. When one reads the words â€Å"Hatchery and Conditioning Centre,† immediately subjects being hatched and molded comes to mind. Although it is not known what is being hatched from the passage, the reader can infer that a thirty-four story building is there for a lot more than brooding poultry. Once introduced inside of the building, the author gives a description of the laboratories within. As the Director enters the â€Å"Fertilizing Room,† the author creates a room of silence, occupied by three hundred Fertilizers in unison â€Å"bent over their instruments. These are professors Through the author’s manipulation of word choice, the reader can infer that the brave new world’s society is based on advanced technology and science. Words such as â€Å"laboratories† and â€Å"microscopes† are generally used in an environment that relates to the field of science. One wouldn't typically find microscopes in the kitchen after all. By using these dict ion words to help describe the scene, the reader can infer from common knowledge the location must be some form of science practice. Another give away that Brave New World is a place of innovative technologies would be the building’s name: â€Å"Conditioning Centre. † Its uncommon in most societies if not all for â€Å"conditioning† to be immoral, based on the practice is a science to rid free will. With this part of the text, the reader can assume the Brave New World is an advanced society with developed ideals. The numerous mental images depicted in Brave New World — â€Å"microscopes,† â€Å"polished tubes,† laboratories filled with white coats and zygotes — conveys Huxley’s concept of a world filled with technological advances. When one reads the words â€Å"Hatchery and Conditioning Centre,† immediately subjects being hatched and molded comes to mind. Although it is not known what is being hatched from the passage, the reader can infer that a thirty-four story building is there for a lot more than brooding poultry. Once introduced inside of the building, the author gives a description of the laboratories within. As the Director enters the â€Å"Fertilizing Room,† the author creates a room of silence, occupied by three hundred Fertilizers in unison â€Å"bent over their instruments. † These are professors Brave New World Through the author’s manipulation of word choice, the reader can infer that the brave new world’s society is based on advanced technology and science. Words such as â€Å"laboratories† and â€Å"microscopes† are generally used in an environment that relates to the field of science. One wouldn't typically find microscopes in the kitchen after all. By using these diction words to help describe the scene, the reader can infer from common knowledge the location must be some form of science practice. Another give away that Brave New World is a place of innovative technologies would be the building’s name: â€Å"Conditioning Centre. † Its uncommon in most societies if not all for â€Å"conditioning† to be immoral, based on the practice is a science to rid free will. With this part of the text, the reader can assume the Brave New World is an advanced society with developed ideals. The numerous mental images depicted in Brave New World — â€Å"microscopes,† â€Å"polished tubes,† laboratories filled with white coats and zygotes — conveys Huxley’s concept of a world filled with technological advances. When one reads the words â€Å"Hatchery and Conditioning Centre,† immediately subjects being hatched and molded comes to mind. Although it is not known what is being hatched from the passage, the reader can infer that a thirty-four story building is there for a lot more than brooding poultry. Once introduced inside of the building, the author gives a description of the laboratories within. As the Director enters the â€Å"Fertilizing Room,† the author creates a room of silence, occupied by three hundred Fertilizers in unison â€Å"bent over their instruments. These are professors Through the author’s manipulation of word choice, the reader can infer that the brave new world’s society is based on advanced technology and science. Words such as â€Å"laboratories† and â€Å"microscopes† are generally used in an environment that relates to the field of science. One wouldn't typically find microscopes in the kitchen after all. By using these dict ion words to help describe the scene, the reader can infer from common knowledge the location must be some form of science practice. Another give away that Brave New World is a place of innovative technologies would be the building’s name: â€Å"Conditioning Centre. † Its uncommon in most societies if not all for â€Å"conditioning† to be immoral, based on the practice is a science to rid free will. With this part of the text, the reader can assume the Brave New World is an advanced society with developed ideals. The numerous mental images depicted in Brave New World — â€Å"microscopes,† â€Å"polished tubes,† laboratories filled with white coats and zygotes — conveys Huxley’s concept of a world filled with technological advances. When one reads the words â€Å"Hatchery and Conditioning Centre,† immediately subjects being hatched and molded comes to mind. Although it is not known what is being hatched from the passage, the reader can infer that a thirty-four story building is there for a lot more than brooding poultry. Once introduced inside of the building, the author gives a description of the laboratories within. As the Director enters the â€Å"Fertilizing Room,† the author creates a room of silence, occupied by three hundred Fertilizers in unison â€Å"bent over their instruments. † These are professors

Unit Paper

There isn't an American citizen in the world ho doesn't know of the painstaking terror that swept through the country as we witnessed the scene via the myriad of media coverage on every channel. Watching these news sources and seeing the aftermath, and watching the government response as they tried to figure out why it happened was actually detrimental to the healing process of the country. Hearing the scientists discuss how the towers fell, and listening as the government talked about how these terrorists gained access to the planes Just worked to spread more fear into the minds of the American citizens.Had the media Just gone dark, had the government Just said, â€Å"k, this happened, we need time to clean this up and discuss options, trust us,† Then the country may have been able to relax a little more. American citizen's now have some level of post- traumatic stress simply from being exposed to what was going on in real time. I will never forget the video of the people Jum ping from the buildings before their collapse, or the ash falling like snowflakes, covering everything around the city. I'll never forget the clouds of thick black smoke, and the exact moment that the towers finally elapsed.And I'll never forget the days after, and the images of the towers missing from that NYC skyline. And yet, Vive never even been to New York. The media showed every horrifying angle as things progressed, making it as though we were all standing on the roadway, gazing up at the horrors as they occurred. The news provided every view point and every option, even though 95% of them were speculative and so far from the truth. The terrorists' goal was to make the US fearful of them in order to make their point, and while they did a decent Job of that, the media Just added icing o the cake.For months afterwards, people were too afraid to fly; people were too fearful to use public transportation. This fear was Just perpetuated by the media's involvement. On the opposing e nd of the spectrum, the media can sometimes have a positive effect in minimizing the effectiveness of the terrorist attack. While flying into Boston in April of last year, I was amazed to hear the news of the city being in Lockwood. Sitting outside of Logan airport, the lack of people was eerie, and I pulled up the news on my phone to follow what was going on.The city was in Lockwood and police were requesting that people stay in their homes and off the roads to make it easier to search for the bombing suspect; a nice way of suggesting that Marshall Law was being imposed, but not exactly. The good thing about the media being involved in this was that people quickly heard that they should stay inside, which cleared the roads and made it possible for the police and government to really focus and search for Tsarina's. Would they have found him if they hadn't put the city on Lockwood?Probably, but you can't be certain, ND it was more effective to do so to ensure that he was located as q uickly as possible. Social networking is almost as bad as the media. Daily, there are posts about a child with cancer or a family whose home burned down that are asking people to like the photo. This is all misinformation and useless. Not to mention the things people post about terrorists or even the government, where you can tell that they have heard one thing and assumed the rest. That being said, social networking has a knack for escalating facts really quickly until they are more lie than truth.It's important to be informed, but when you're getting your facts from a post that's majority misinformation, it Just snowballs and leads to a bunch of confusion and panic. That's not always the case, however. Sometimes, social networking can be a fantastic tool when it comes to terrorist activity. The ability to share posts on Backbone, for example, can be an excellent tool if the police are searching for a particular suspect. A picture or description can be released, and people can spre ad it to millions of others in mere minutes.Not Just relating to terrorism, but crime in mineral, this is incredible and has been known to assist with finding many people, suspects and victims. While the media can be a useful aspect when it comes to terrorist activity, it is generally more of a hassle than an aiding tool. It's our civil right to be kept informed on the events in our country, but in times of an attack, our government should focus on responding before they should worry about letting us bystanders know what happened. A terrorist attack is performed with the objective of instilling fear in the targeted audience, and when facts are misconstrued, this is Just perpetuated.

How Many Seconds Are There in a Day A Week A Year

How Many Seconds Are There in a Day A Week A Year SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Ever wondered how many seconds there are in a day? How about a week? A year? Thanks to Rent, we might know the number of minutes in a year (525,600), but how many seconds is that? Whether you’re trying to get even more granular about how you measure a year or you’re just trying to figure out how many seconds are left until summer vacation, this guide will teach you how many seconds are in a day, a week, a year, and beyond. Not only will we teach you how to calculate these problems, but we’ll also give you a handy chart to keep track of them. Read on to find out how to swap one unit of time for another! All the numbers on a clock represent different aspects of time, all of which come back to seconds. What’s a Second? Before we get into how many seconds there are in a day, let’s talk about what a second is. A second is our base unit of time- base, but not smallest. A base unit is a unit defined on its own terms upon which other units are based. That means that all our other units, such as minutes, hours, nanoseconds, and so on, are all based on seconds. We talk about hours in terms of minutes, but minutes are based on seconds, bringing us back to the base unit. A second used to be based on the Earth’s rotation cycle, with one second being 1/86,400 of the average solar day. Now that we know more about how the Earth rotates- and that the speed at which it rotates is slowing down- we now use a more accurate method. We base a second off of the radiation cycles of a caesium-133 atom, often called an â€Å"atomic clock.† Because our astronomical year varies in length, we also sometimes add â€Å"leap seconds† to the clock to keep better time, or we’d eventually end up with time being way off of where it should be. Adding seconds is infrequent, and doesn’t actually change the time- all it does is keep us consistent. But those single leap seconds matter, keeping us on track so that a few missed seconds doesn’t become a missed minute or hour or day over time. The hands on a clock move in seconds, minutes, and hours, which are all, in some ways, measures of seconds. How Many Seconds in a Day? Now that we know what a second really is- an arbitrary measurement of time used to calculate other, larger units of time- we can start thinking about how many it takes to make up all the other time units. How Many Seconds in a Minute The largest unit after seconds is a minute. There are 60 seconds in one minute. Why? Nobody’s really sure, but it goes all the way back to ancient Babylon. How Many Seconds in an Hour You may already know that there are 60 minutes in an hour, but how many seconds is that? To figure it out, we’ll need to multiply. 60 seconds in one minute and 60 minutes in one hour means that $1 \hour = 60 * 60$. Calculate that out and you’ll find that 1 hour = 3,600 minutes. How to Calculate Seconds Back and Forth It takes some memorization, but it’s not hard to calculate seconds into minutes, hours, days, or even years; you can even go in reverse! For example, if you know that something will take 120 seconds but aren’t sure how many minutes that is, you simply divide by 60, the number of seconds in a minute. Likewise, if you want to know how many seconds are in three days, first you’ll need to calculate how many minutes there are in three days. Three days is 72 hours ($24 \hours * 3 \days$), equivalent to 4,320 minutes ($72 \hours * 60 \minutes$), or 259,200 seconds ($4,320 \minutes * 60 \seconds$). You can do this for really big numbers, too. How many seconds are in a month? Well, the average month is 30.42 days. A day is 24 hours, so the average month is 730.08 hours ($30.42 \days * 24 \hours$). 730.08 hours is equal to 43,804.8 minutes ($730.08 \hours * 60 \minutes$), or 2,628,288 seconds ($43,804.8 \minutes * 60 \seconds$). ...in a second .. in a minute ...in an hour ...in a day ...in a week ...in a month ...in a year †¦in a decade ...in a century Seconds 1 60 3,600 86,400 604,800 2,628,288 3.1536 Ãâ€" $10^7$ 3.1536 Ãâ€" $10^8$ 3.1536 Ãâ€" $10^9$ Minutes $1/60$ 1 60 1,440 10,080 43,804.8 525,600 5.256 Ãâ€" $10^6$ 5.256 Ãâ€" $10^7$ Hours $1/3600$ $1/60$ 1 24 168 730.08 8,760 87,600 876,000 Days $1/86400$ $1/1400$ $1/24$ 1 7 30.42 365 3,650 36,500 Weeks $1/604800$ $1/10080$ $1/168$ $1/7$ 1 4.3 52 520 5,200 Months $1/2628288$ $1/43804.8$ $1/730.08$ $1/30.42$ $1/4.3$ 1 12 120 1,200 Years $1/(3.1536 Ãâ€" 10^7)$ $1/525600$ $1/87600$ $1/365$ $1/52$ $1/12$ 1 10 100 Decades $1/(3.1536 Ãâ€" 10^8)$ $1/(5.256 Ãâ€" 10^6)$ $1/3650$ $1/520$ $1/520$ $1/120$ $1/10$ 1 10 Centuries $1/(3.1536 Ãâ€" 10^9)$ $1/(5.256 Ãâ€" 10^7)$ $1/876000$ $1/36500$ $1/5200$ $1/1200$ $1/100$ $1/10$ 1 Key Tips for Time Conversions It’s not a big deal if you can’t memorize this whole table- most people can’t tell you how many seconds are in a decade off the top of their head. But the calculations are simple math- you just need to know the basics! One Minute = 60 Seconds One Hour = 60 Minutes One Day = 24 Hours One Week = 7 Days One Year = 52 Weeks One Decade = 10 Years One Century = 10 Decades It can be difficult to figure out how many days or weeks are in a month, because months vary in length between 28 and 31 days. If you find yourself needing to figure things out on a more exact basis, use the number of days in the specific month you’re looking for rather than trying to use an average. If a specific month won’t work and you just want an overall sense of the number of days in a month, for example, you know that there are 365 days and 12 months in a year. Divide $365/12$ for 30.42, the average number of days in a month. You don’t have to memorize it- just solve it out! Likewise, you can divide the number of weeks in a year, 52, by the number of months in a year, 12, to get 4.3, the average number of weeks in a month. What’s Next? Ready for more big numbers? Check out this guide to how many zeros there are in a billion and beyond! If you just want to test your calculation skills, these math games are great for fifth graders! Converting seconds to minutes and beyond requires a solid grasp of multiplication- if you need a little help with memorizing your times tables, our multiplication guide will help you out!

Free Essays on Mastering Hotel Design From Beginning To End

A developer’s vision for an out-of-this-world resort is often much grander than the real-world budget will allow. This hard reality demands a hotel design team capable of making the vision affordable. A key step in making a project affordable is involving the major design team members at the very outset of the project. When an experienced architect joins with a developer from the beginning, the team can develop a cohesive concept and establish a suitable budget. The ideal situation is to involve the design team in the development of a master plan. The design firm is responsible for- and compensated for- generating ideas for utilising the site, accommodating future growth and expansion, and phasing of development. IN THE BEGINNING Hotel developers often have in-house staff capable of producing conceptual plans for hotel and resort projects. Such drawings need to be examined carefully to make sure the program is complete. An architectural firm with considerable hospitality expertise can review conceptual drawings with an eye for programming and point out what is missing. Once any programmatic or area adjustments are made, the preliminary concept can be refined into a schematic design. It is critical that the architect is brought in as early as possible, even with a fully defined program. Failing to evaluate both the program and the developer-provided conceptual design means that time and money will be lost as problems surface later in the design process. CAN YOU VISUALIZE IT? Project imagery boards help all participants visualise design direction. After meeting with the client and listening intently, the architect can begin researching and gathering images that reflect the developer’s vision for the project. Image boards with architectural, landscape and furniture depictions convey the atmosphere and aesthetic of the project. The development team can determine if these images represent their ideas about the project, or if ... Free Essays on Mastering Hotel Design From Beginning To End Free Essays on Mastering Hotel Design From Beginning To End A developer’s vision for an out-of-this-world resort is often much grander than the real-world budget will allow. This hard reality demands a hotel design team capable of making the vision affordable. A key step in making a project affordable is involving the major design team members at the very outset of the project. When an experienced architect joins with a developer from the beginning, the team can develop a cohesive concept and establish a suitable budget. The ideal situation is to involve the design team in the development of a master plan. The design firm is responsible for- and compensated for- generating ideas for utilising the site, accommodating future growth and expansion, and phasing of development. IN THE BEGINNING Hotel developers often have in-house staff capable of producing conceptual plans for hotel and resort projects. Such drawings need to be examined carefully to make sure the program is complete. An architectural firm with considerable hospitality expertise can review conceptual drawings with an eye for programming and point out what is missing. Once any programmatic or area adjustments are made, the preliminary concept can be refined into a schematic design. It is critical that the architect is brought in as early as possible, even with a fully defined program. Failing to evaluate both the program and the developer-provided conceptual design means that time and money will be lost as problems surface later in the design process. CAN YOU VISUALIZE IT? Project imagery boards help all participants visualise design direction. After meeting with the client and listening intently, the architect can begin researching and gathering images that reflect the developer’s vision for the project. Image boards with architectural, landscape and furniture depictions convey the atmosphere and aesthetic of the project. The development team can determine if these images represent their ideas about the project, or if ...

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder Essay I have been diagnosed with what is called a Bipolar Disorder Essay. For all of my life I have been moody, so I guess when my I had mood swings my parents chalked it up to being a teenager. I always knew that it was more than just moodiness, but I had no idea what was wrong with me. When I am in a manic state I feel empowered and clever. In this phase, people find me very charismatic I also love myself and others and am very creative and productive. I also make unwise decisions during this phase like investing in one of my creative ideas which are not realistic.My manic phases can also jump to irratbility and imparience with others, when I amin this stage of my manic phase all that I can see is that everyone is an idiot, and the world is against me. This is when my charisma wears off and I end up alienating people. Luckily, I have some friends and family that stick with me no matter what I do to hurt them. Eventually this manic stage wearsoff and I crash into a deep depression. I feel remorse and sadness for the harm that I have caused those around me. I spend alot of my depressed state apologizing to people for the harm I have inflicted on them. I try to clean up my mess. I also can not sleep during this phase so I force myself to do the everyday things such as cleaning the house, showering, as well as reading books and doing anything I can to keep my mind occupied. If I am not busy during this time my mind fills with ideas of my suicide. I have written my final intructions and apologies so many times I cant even begin to count them. I know every method of suicide possible, its a wonder that i am still alive. Fortunately one of my close firends found one of my suicide notes and told my family and close friends. They talked me into finding help I eventually checked myself into a psychiatric facility because I did not want to go to my home alone. After 4 hours of filling out insurance papers and talking to people I eventually saw a doctor at this point I panicked and ignored their advice. I had never checked myself into a facility like this because I was afraid if everyone saw how crazy I am I would never get out. I have now realized that the facilities help and do not harm. The doctors put me on medications for a while to tes the waters. The firts was Lithum, a drug that naturally occurs it is a mood stabilizer which helps control my mood swings. They also suggested stronger drugs such as depakote, depacine, depakene and epilim these are all derivatives of a substance called valproic acids these are called anti convulsants they help me stay calm. The doctors have given me a self medication regien that will help me control my moods. They had me change my eating habits. Rather then having my usual samll breakfast, medium lunch and large dinner they had me eat three meals of equal size and on a certain schedule. They said eating a larger meal later on in the day can make my bipolar disorder harder to treat. They also said it is imperative to have a set sleeping schedule. Going to bed at the same time everyday and waking up at the same time. they say lack of sleep can trigger mania. Along with a set eating and sleeping schedule the doctors have me make a mood chart to help illistrate which medications are working. it is also important in helping me find my triggers such as stress, foods, people, etc. I alo have had to learn how to manage I am also seeing a therapist who listens to me and helps me manage my disorder. .

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 162

Summary - Essay Example The author contends that historically, America’s supposed invasion and liberation of countries such as Philippines and Iraq often culminates to unsatisfactory outcomes. America’s attempts at creating overseas empires through the use of force have always been catastrophic as witnessed by the Spanish-American war. These attempts have always resulted in the creation of anti-American backlash that threatens the country’s security. The Bush administration scorned international institutions and the idea of a community of power, an approach taken by former President Wilson Woodrow. The administration’s invasion of Iraq bore resemblance to previous invasion attempts of Philippines in 1900, Mexico 1913, and South Vietnam in 1961. Bush’s Administration disregard for the country’s historical experiences in the aforementioned countries resulted to generate anti-America backlash and awaken a rather dormant Iraqi nationalism. The administration’s â €˜war on terror’ saw the country engage itself in a bloody occupation of Iraq. It also served to fuel the stereotypical view of America as the perceived ‘savior’ of the world. This served to enable new recruits along enemy lines. The September 11 2001 attack carried by Al-Qaeda on the US was carried out by 19 persons of non-US nationality via four hijacked US commercial passenger jets in Newark, Boston, and Washington (Murphy 239). The hijacked aircrafts were crashed into the World trade Center in New York, the Pennsylvania countryside, and the Pentagon in Northern Virginia. The nineteen hijackers had worked as a single, integrated group for a period of eighteen months. The six leaders of the group were well educated and trained as pilot having entered the US earlier than the rest of the group. The others were younger and less educated and served to control passengers on the plane. The group was authorized and funded by Osama bin Laden, a Saudi Expatriate based in Afghanistan working through his

Research on Sharia law Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

On Sharia law - Research Paper Example , the origins of Sharia laws derive from a combination of laws, like Roman laws, contents of the Holy Koran (qiyas), teachings of Prophet Mohammed and present day assimilations of ancient legal interpretations and treatises (ijmas). However, an interesting aspect of Shari has been that in their countries of acceptance and faith, different interpretations exist for these laws. Modernists, traditionalists and fundamentalists all hold different views of Sharia, as do adherents to different schools of Islamic thought and scholarship. Different countries and cultures have varying interpretations of Sharia as well. Thus, Sharia practices in African countries may be quite different from those in Arab countries. On the other hand, Muslim population in India may have different cultural and sociological interpretation of Sharia than what is being done in Indonesia, or Yemen, for that matter. Thus, what is important is the sociological background of these laws in the context of respective countries where these laws are followed. Moreover, it is also seen that Islam has two sub sects – Sunnis and Shias. It is now necessary to consider the differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims, which essentially finds the difference in religion but politics. This is primarily because it concerns leadership matters subsequent to the prophet’s era and what led to division of Muslim sect soon after the death Mohammed. When the question arose as to who would inherit the mantle of the Prophet, of one sect believed that leadership should be taken over by one of his worthy followers. But Shias believed th at leadership should move to the member of his own kith or kin, like his son- in- law, or nephew. Thus, major differences arose between Sunnis and Shias, such that the latter were not able to ever reconcile themselves to the fact that Ali’s descendants were not provided due leadership in the Muslim order after the lifetime of Prophet. Thus, they refused to accept the authority of Sunni

Evidence base practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evidence base practice - Essay Example So, as a team, we are under a supervision of a superintendent who is in charge of all the professionals working under him. The nursing practice guideline in our facility strongly advocates for rational decision making based on facts and evidences that can be relied upon at all times (Tschudin, 2011). One is always required to act on well-researched evidence while discharging their duties both in the emergency and operation rooms. These are critical areas that do not need one to rush in action, but to be a patient, consultative team player who acknowledges and is ready to seek the opinion of other professionals (Melnyk, 2011). The management of the hospital emphasizes these points since it is what can help in delivering patient-oriented services as we strive to satisfy their diverse needs. After all, a nurse should also be ready to discharge duties of a researcher who looks for knowledge, apply and disseminate it to others for the sake of improving the patients’ health

Discussion Question 2 Week 5 Chapter 8 Assignment

Discussion Question 2 Week 5 Chapter 8 - Assignment Example Therefore, employers who have a high turnover rate usually incur severe looses as compared to those who have low turnovers in the same industry. In most cases, high turnover rates are influenced by low compensation rates and pitiable work conditions. This asserts that if a company has a low turnover rate, the employees are fully satisfied with the working conditions in the company. Turnover can either be voluntarily or involuntarily (Mondy, 2011). Therefore, as a human resource manager, I can reduce involuntary turnover rate by examining the compensation provided to employees. This includes wages and some of the benefits offered to employees. In addition, I can also create a system which recognizes the hard working employees in the firm in order to enhance the performance of the organization. Moreover, I can also suggest that the organization should hold regular meetings regarding the general performance of the company. This will enable the company to achieve its objectives (Mondy, 2011). Employee motivation is described as the creativity which is applied by employees in their respective job specialization. In most organizations, employee motivation is viewed as one of the most efficient methods, which ensures that the performance of the employees and the company is maintained. Most organizations incorporate employee reward programs. These programs do not involve the wages and benefits of the employee. For example, the human resource manager can award credential points to employees who exceed their goals in their department. These programs significantly promote productivity in the organization. Furthermore, the company can also provide incentives for employees who complete their tasks without delays and correctly. This will ensure that the rate of absentees and labor turnover in the organization is decreased significantly (Mondy,

International Human Resource Management CZ18 Essay

International Human Resource Management CZ18 - Essay Example There is a very close relationship between national culture and the human resource management as the document analyzes. The essay analyzes the impact of national cultural on the human resource management. The national culture framework by Hofstede attributes national culture to aspects such as collectiveness versus individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance as well as femininity versus masculinity. The national culture of various countries will handle these aspects from different points of view. These aspects entail the feelings of people and human thinking which tends to create basic problems in every society that every society is expected solve. These problems, however, manifest in varying dimensions from one country to the other. Selection, as well as recruitment, is a chief function of the human resource management. Before an organization starts the process of recruiting and selecting, it is essential for the human resource professional to carry out an analysis of that country’s national culture (Davila & Elvira 2008). If the national culture of that nation is individualistic in nature, the human resource management professionals have to develop strategies that are in line with the national culture of that country. In a nation that uses individualism, the HR professionals will have an assurance that the employees they acquire are transferable to any part of that nation as well as outside that nation. This is because these people are concentrating on their individual career only and are not expected to take care of their immediate family. However, if the cultural dimension of a particular nation is collective in nature, the HR professionals have to come up with strategies bearing in mind that the people they will attain are family conscious. This clearly shows that for the business will acquire the employees as per the culture of the respective nature. Moreover, the

Evidence base practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evidence base practice - Essay Example So, as a team, we are under a supervision of a superintendent who is in charge of all the professionals working under him. The nursing practice guideline in our facility strongly advocates for rational decision making based on facts and evidences that can be relied upon at all times (Tschudin, 2011). One is always required to act on well-researched evidence while discharging their duties both in the emergency and operation rooms. These are critical areas that do not need one to rush in action, but to be a patient, consultative team player who acknowledges and is ready to seek the opinion of other professionals (Melnyk, 2011). The management of the hospital emphasizes these points since it is what can help in delivering patient-oriented services as we strive to satisfy their diverse needs. After all, a nurse should also be ready to discharge duties of a researcher who looks for knowledge, apply and disseminate it to others for the sake of improving the patients’ health

International Human Resource Management CZ18 Essay

International Human Resource Management CZ18 - Essay Example There is a very close relationship between national culture and the human resource management as the document analyzes. The essay analyzes the impact of national cultural on the human resource management. The national culture framework by Hofstede attributes national culture to aspects such as collectiveness versus individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance as well as femininity versus masculinity. The national culture of various countries will handle these aspects from different points of view. These aspects entail the feelings of people and human thinking which tends to create basic problems in every society that every society is expected solve. These problems, however, manifest in varying dimensions from one country to the other. Selection, as well as recruitment, is a chief function of the human resource management. Before an organization starts the process of recruiting and selecting, it is essential for the human resource professional to carry out an analysis of that country’s national culture (Davila & Elvira 2008). If the national culture of that nation is individualistic in nature, the human resource management professionals have to develop strategies that are in line with the national culture of that country. In a nation that uses individualism, the HR professionals will have an assurance that the employees they acquire are transferable to any part of that nation as well as outside that nation. This is because these people are concentrating on their individual career only and are not expected to take care of their immediate family. However, if the cultural dimension of a particular nation is collective in nature, the HR professionals have to come up with strategies bearing in mind that the people they will attain are family conscious. This clearly shows that for the business will acquire the employees as per the culture of the respective nature. Moreover, the

Term paper Essay Example for Free

Term paper Essay There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John. After 20+ years of working for other firms, Penelope (Enrolled Agent, age 41), Mark (CPA, age 43) and John (CVA, age 65) want to leave the firms they are currently employed by and become their own bosses. Penelope specializes in Taxes, Mark is the Auditor and John is a Business Valuation expert. There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John. After 20+ years of working for other firms, Penelope (Enrolled Agent, age 41), Mark (CPA, age 43) and John (CVA, age 65) want to leave the firms they are currently employed by and become their own bosses. Penelope specializes in Taxes, Mark is the Auditor and John is a Business Valuation expert. There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John. After 20+ years of working for other firms, Penelope (Enrolled Agent, age 41), Mark (CPA, age 43) and John (CVA, age 65) want to leave the firms they are currently employed by and become their own bosses. Penelope specializes in Taxes, Mark is the Auditor and John is a Business Valuation expert. There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John. After 20+ years of working for other firms, Penelope (Enrolled Agent, age 41), Mark (CPA, age 43) and John (CVA, age 65) want to leave the firms they are currently employed by and become their own bosses. Penelope specializes in Taxes, Mark is the Auditor and John is a Business Valuation expert. There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John.

The Furniture Company Spark Furniture Marketing Essay

The Furniture Company Spark Furniture Marketing Essay Introduction This report is based on the furniture company Spark Furniture. This report helps us to assess the current strategy of our enterprise using internal and external analysis. External analysis of spark furniture will identify major factors affecting the industry in which it is operating and to relate its opportunities and capabilities. PESTEL, Michael Porters Five Forces framework and SWOT helps to examine the strategy of spark furniture. Company overview Spark furniture emerged by taking over a small enterprise dealing with furniture groups operating from couple of years. It went with a unique strategy of cost leadership. Its products are Bed, Sofa, Dining table, and Coffee table. It has the third highest market share in overall market segment. The company is well s and known for its lower unit cost and offers lower price than competitors. Strategy Strategic management is defined as The art and science of formulating, Implementing, and Evaluating cross functional decisions that enable an organization to achieve objectives. (Fred, 1999) The strategic position is concerned with the impact on strategy of the external environment, an organizations strategic capability (resources and competences) and the expectations and influence of stakeholders (Johnson et al., 2008). Strategy is the pattern or plan that integrates an Organizations major goals, Policies, and action sequence into cohesive whole (Henry et al., 2003). Goals: States what is to be achieved and when results are to be accomplished, But they do not state how the result are to be achieved. Major goals those that effect the entitys overall direction and viability are called strategic goals (Henry et al., 2003). Policies: policies are rules that express the limit within which organization action should occur. These rules always take the form of contingent decisions for resolving conflicts among specific objective. (Henry et al., 2003) The strong strategic position is an indicator of high profitability and growth. The strategic position of Spark Furniture can be understood by carrying out different analysis on its external and internal environmental factors, and understanding its capabilities. External environmental analysis The different layers of environment that affect the market trends can be classified as macro-environment, Industry, competitors and markets. The analysis of these layers will give a better understanding of factors affecting the performance of Spark Furniture. (Refer Appendix A) PESTEL In analyzing the macro-environment, it is important to identify the factors that might affect a number of essential variables that are likely to influence the organizations supply and demand levels and its costs. (Henry et al., 2003) The Pestle Analysis is used to analyze the factors prevailing in macro-environment which may or may not influence the business, but knowing them and understanding them will help in overcoming uncertainty. (Refer Appendix B) Political Factors: Government regulations like taxation, labor policy, and excise duties issues may be a threat, as these policies will change with the change in government. Recently increase in VAT by 20% led our sales to decrease we are trying to cut down prices and provide customers with their requirements with a reasonable and effective fair price keeping in mind both companies and customer interest. This would help Spark furniture to increase its sale. Recession also affected the companys market share. It reduced peoples earning and spending capacity. Environmental Factors: Furniture industry has a number of environmental impacts that are caused by humans. The emergence of environmental concern as one of the critical factors in strategic business planning indicates the growth of environmental movement in the market place (Menon et al., 1999). Spark furniture focuses on furniture reuse, Environmental disposal green transport and recycling the products which cannot be repaired. This becomes advantage to some extent as it is able to reach the people easily with eco-friendly sense. Social Factors: These refer to what is taking place socially in the markets in which it operate or expect to operate like cultural norms, Population growth rate, Age distribution, Global warming(Due to cutting down of trees). The changes in life style of the people and attitudes to work and leisure also persuade market share. Sometimes strikes affect the market share. In Spark furniture there was a transport strike as the labour union and the employers have not reached a new collective labour agreement. For this reason during 6th period only 70% of goods are delivered and during 7th period no goods are delivered because of which company has to suffer a share loss of -0.17%.(Refer Appendix C) Technical Factors: Change in trend throws a challenge in providing customers with latest trend in the market. But on the other hand this gives an opportunity to be a leader in the market if the trend is grabbed by using latest technology and brought it to customers. These factors can affect the cost, Quality and may lead to innovation. For example, development of online shopping is well established in the market and upgrading the manufacturing process will yield to high quality products. Economic Factors: Economic factors affect industries are Access to credit, Demand for goods, and Technological advancement. The main economic threat would be existing competitors in the market. Company had a loan of  £150,000.00. Interest rate may go up due to inflation in the market this could affect the supply chain due to shift in the cash flows. Spark furniture has successfully sold its entire inventory from last 6 periods at the cheapest price possible apart from its competitors. Legal factors: Spark furniture follows the rules and maintains the specific standards set by the law, so that there is no difference of interest. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products. Also, as it is taken over an existing business, all the legal documentation must be verified thoroughly. Limitations of Pestle Analysis: As the external environment is changing constantly, PESTLE analysis should be done on the current market situations (Cambell et al., 2002). It is also essential to analyze the level to which PESTEL is applied. When considering companies such as Apple, Samsung, PepsiCo, Volvo and Disney it is important to consider that they have many different parts to their overall business they include many different divisions and in some cases many different brands. Porters five forces model Porters five forces is a framework for the industry analysis and business strategy development developed by Michael E. Porter in 1979. It draws upon economics of industries to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. (Refer Appendix D) SWOT analysis An analysis of strengths weakness and opportunities threats has been drawn for Spark Furniture. (Refer Appendix E) SWOT analysis of Spark indicates where the company is good at and the areas of improvement. It helps as a planning tool to evaluate its strategic position and to relate it to its competitors (Basu, 2009). Stakeholder Mapping Stakeholder Map shows relationship of stakeholder individuals and groups to one another and finds out the role which each entity is playing. It also shows how an organisational environment must be navigated for successful implementation of change (Berkhout, 2002). Stakeholder Map of Spark Furniture is shown in Appendix F. Strategic group analysis Strategic groups are organisations within an industry with similar strategic characteristics, following similar strategies or competing on similar bases (Johnson et al., 2009). Strategic group analysis can be useful for the following: Understanding competition Deciding a Strategy In the Furniture sales world there exist many companies that try to be the market leaders by maximising their profits and expanding their market share. Spark Furniture is accompanied by other competitors like Leaf furnishing and Green furnishing. The identical strategies like cost leadership, differentiation, focus or stuck in the middle could be followed by these companies because most of the furniture companies deal in common products like the Bed, Sofa, Dining table and Coffee table. Entry of new competitors in the market increases the competition. Availability of more attractive and cheaper versions of products and services will always makes Spark Furniture to upgrade the technology which could increase the research cost. Down fall in the economy could result in the decrease of demand for furniture goods which could affect the overall demand and market share. Strategic capabilities According to Johnson Scholes (2009) strategic capability can be defined as the resources and competences of an organization needed for it to survive and prosper. These capabilities differ from organisation to organisation. Examples of capabilities are logistics, frugal systems etc. Having these capabilities differentiates them from others in achieving a better market share. Strategic capabilities are combination of Threshold resources, threshold competences, unique resources and core competences. Threshold resources: Threshold resources of Spark Furniture are its ability to provide a wide range of choices and offers to consumers at a low price than its competitors backed up by its product quality. Threshold competences: Threshold competences are the processes to be followed, to meet the requirements of customers. For Spark Furniture their aim is to provide products at an low price while keeping the standard quality. Unique resources: The unique resources are unique techniques that help in knowing the drivers of competitive advantage. The unique prices and exhibition of products by Spark Furniture help them to reach a wide range of customers like people who could not spare more money for shopping. Core competence: Core competence for Spark Furniture is its growth strategy of Cost Leadership which helps in offering unique attributes valued by customers for a low price, and perceived to be better than that of competitors. This allows the enterprise to achieve leadership in market and long term sustainability. Diagnosing strategic capability The strengths and weakness of organisation can be identified by analysing their strategic capability: Strengths: Spark offer benefits to valued customers. As a Furniture company, the unique marketing techniques backed up by the inbound and outbound logistics helps them to maintain the uninterrupted supply of products to the customers thus helps in providing qualitative services and products at affordable cost. Weaknesses: Targeting only a particular market segment of people by proving products at low prices could slow down the growth of the company from emerging markets. Evaluation of current strategies of Spark Furniture The strategy adopted by Spark Furniture is based on the generic strategies of Porter and that of Growth Strategy (Ansoff). That is the Cost Leadership and Market Penetration Strategies. The following analysis shows how the decisions undertaken affect the market share of Spark Furniture and its impact on its income and growth. (Refer appendix G) Cost Leadership: The strategy of Cost Leadership helps the way Spark Furniture operate as they tend to target to provide their customers with a good quality products at a very low price than its competitors which helps them to perceive better than their competitors. Market Penetration: This strategy of growth has been adopted by the company to introduce existing products in existing markets in an attempt to leverage the companys brand name. This could enable the company to create a broader customer base. The impact of the above decisions can be known by looking at the market share they are able to take part of the competitors market share and by finding new customers or by getting current customers to use more products. It is considered a low risk method to grow business. Strategic clock The model of strategic clock has been adapted from Cliff Bowman. Strategic clock shows the different positions in a given market where customers have various needs in terms of price (Johnson et al., 2009). By using this model we can study the competitive advantage of Spark Furniture. Bowmans strategy helps us to find out the companys competitive status by using some strategic options. These options are the No Frills, Low Price, Hybrid, Focus and differentiation. Of the various strategic options Spark Furniture had opted for Low Price that is where the company seeks to achieve a lower price than its competitors at the same time providing similar benefits and quality as their competitors. (Refer Appendix H) The reason for the company to adapt a strategy like Low Price is that it could target the people that are most interested in Low price products. As result of the above strategy the concept of Cost Leadership will also be achieved so that control over the price elasticity of the goods sold can be achieved. Competitive advantage The main competition for Spark Furniture is from Leaf Furnishing and Green Furnishing for the leadership in market share and growth. This is making the market segment competition more severe. As a result of the Cost Leadership strategy adopted by Spark Furniture, they are enjoying a healthy market share which is reflected in the rising growth of their market share considerably and as a result the inventory turnover is good and which in turn increased their income. (Refer Appendix I) Sustainability of spark furniture Sustainability of Spark furniture can be explained by analysing the key areas in its organisational growth. The main strategic decision of Cost Leadership helps the company to retain their own customer base which in turn helps in achieving a steady share in market for a long time. Its policy is to provide good quality goods at an affordable price due to its innovative price strategy. This helps the company to maintain its aim of providing products at lower prices than its competitors and thus increasing its brand value. The main costs that could occur for Spark could be, in its education level in order to build up its innovation areas to provide more quality products and still been able to maintain low price. It also needs to spend a bit on Human Resource areas in order to keeps its staff happy and retain their loyalty for a better future as the loyalty of employees is not looking great at the moment which could affect the quality.(Refer Appendix G) From customers perspective Spark Furniture could sustain in the future as long as it can give customers the quality products at a lower prices than its competitors and by doing so it can maintain its brand value and image which could help the company to grow more heights. The other factors that could threaten Spark Furniture sustainability like their slow growth in innovations which could bring down quality of products and thus affecting its market share and need to improve its HR area in order to be more affective in their customer service. Though the company is having a consistent income there is a need to increase its income growth by increasing the sales income of the income which at the moment is bit low. (Refer Appendix G) Conclusion By examining the strategies implemented by spark furniture it seems like they adopted a strategy which suits them. However, they need to be aware of the internal and external environment which changes continuously and the company needs to be ready to adopt a different kind of strategy that could be appropriate for the situation for retaining and increasing their market share. Works Cited Basu, R., 2009. Implementing Six Sigma and Lean: a practical guide to tools and techniques. 1st ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinenmann. Berkhout, M., 2002. Service support. Norwich: TSO. Cambell, D., Stonehouse, G. Houston, B., 2002. Business Strategy. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. Edu-Finntrack, 2010. Edu-Finntrack. [Online] Available at: http://courseware.finntrack.eu/learners/strat_mgnt.htm [Accessed 14 March 2011]. Fred, R.D., 1999. Strategic Managment. New jersey: Prentice Hall. Henry, M., Joseph, L., James, B.Q. Sumantra, G., 2003. The Strategy Process. New Jersey: fourth. Johnson, G., Scholes, K. Whington, R., 2009. Fundamentals of strategy. spain: Prentice Hall. Johnson, k., Scholes, k. Wittington, R., 2008. Exploring corporate strategy. Italy: Prentice Hall. ktnrchobby, 2011. ktnrchobby.com. [Online] Available at: www.ktnrchobby.com [Accessed 2011 March 15]. marketingteacher.com, 2011. Marketingteacher.com. [Online] Available at: http://www.marketingteacher.com/lesson-store/lesson-bowman.html [Accessed 15 March 2011]. Menon, A., Chowdhury, J. Jankovich, J., 1999. Evolving paradigm for environmental senstivity in marketing programs : a syenthsis of theory and practice. Journal of marketing theory and practice, pp.1-15. Porter, M.E., 2008. The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review.

The Film (Movie) Version of All Quiet on the Western Front :: Movie Film Essays

The Film (Movie) Version of All Quiet on the Western Front   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the movie "All Quiet on the Western Front"   we see the boys almost innocent as they sit in class. The teacher in this scene is pressuring the boys to go to war. He preaches that it is their "duty" to fight.   The teacher seems very pushy and strict. He is especially strict with Paul, the main character in the movie. In this particular scene, Paul is drawing a picture of a bird. In Paul's family they are glad that he is going to war. His family prays for him and they pray for the Kaiser, the ruler of Germany. We see here that this is ironic because Paul's family is praying for someone they   have never met.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Paul goes to see his friend in the hospital, another friend asks for the boots he has. This shows that the boys are already changing.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When the boys go to the training camp they are still innocent. They meet Corporal Himmelstoss. Corporal Himmelstoss is very mean to the boys and is very strict. After completing   the Training camp the boys go to war. When the boys get to the battlefield they are told by Kat their leader, that what they learned in training camp they do not need to know because, you don't need to know how to march in war. The first day they are there, Paul sees a horse getting killed. He is very mad about this because the horses are innocent and they are not involved with the war. Paul is changed emotionally by this and he is sad about it.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After the boys see the Kaiser they talk and don't even know what they are fighting for. One night in battle Paul killed a French soldier. Once he killed the solider he begins to regret that he killed him. He looks at the pictures of the soldier's   family. Paul says that "they could of been brothers". Paul trys to save the soldier's life but, cannot. Paul realizes that he has killed another human. Paul feels remorse      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In battle Albert, Paul, and Franz get wounded. Franz dies and Albert gets his leg amputated. Albert becomes depressed and becomes suicidal.

Exemplification Essay: War and World Peace :: Expository Exemplification Essays

World Peace is something that will never happen. Too many countries have too much military power and don't want to give in to any other country. War is something that the world is going to have to deal with because there has been very few years over the history of the world that have been war free. Like one quote by an unknown author says, "Peace is rare: less than 8% of the time since the beginning of recorded time has the world been entirely at peace. In a total of 3530 years, 286 have been warless. Eight thousand treaties have been broken in this time." Albert Einstein, born on March 14, 1879 is one of the most influential people of the modern era. (Einstein) As a physicist he changed our understanding of the universe. He was very outspoken about the significant political and social issues of his time. As a Jew he advocated a moral role for the Jewish people. Over his scientific career, he was on a mission for the universal and indisputable laws that govern the physical world. Science was Albert Einstein's love, but he always found time to devote many of his efforts to political causes that were close to his heart. He strived for peace, freedom, and social justice. He became an active leader of the international anti-war movement. (Albert Einstein Archives) Einstein died on April 18, 1955. (Einstein) Einstein said, "I don't know what kind of weapons will be used in the third world war, assuming there will be a third world war. But I can tell you what the fourth world war will be fought with- stone clubs." This means that whatever weapons are used in the third world war will knock us back in time because they will be so powerful. That is also the reason he doesn't know what they will be because they will be so far advanced compared to his time. This is very possible because of the advances some countries have made in their military strength. For example, the United States executed 1054 nuclear tests between July 16, 1945 and September 23,1992. They also executed two nuclear attacks in that period although the number of actual bombs tested in that time period is far greater. Exemplification Essay: War and World Peace :: Expository Exemplification Essays World Peace is something that will never happen. Too many countries have too much military power and don't want to give in to any other country. War is something that the world is going to have to deal with because there has been very few years over the history of the world that have been war free. Like one quote by an unknown author says, "Peace is rare: less than 8% of the time since the beginning of recorded time has the world been entirely at peace. In a total of 3530 years, 286 have been warless. Eight thousand treaties have been broken in this time." Albert Einstein, born on March 14, 1879 is one of the most influential people of the modern era. (Einstein) As a physicist he changed our understanding of the universe. He was very outspoken about the significant political and social issues of his time. As a Jew he advocated a moral role for the Jewish people. Over his scientific career, he was on a mission for the universal and indisputable laws that govern the physical world. Science was Albert Einstein's love, but he always found time to devote many of his efforts to political causes that were close to his heart. He strived for peace, freedom, and social justice. He became an active leader of the international anti-war movement. (Albert Einstein Archives) Einstein died on April 18, 1955. (Einstein) Einstein said, "I don't know what kind of weapons will be used in the third world war, assuming there will be a third world war. But I can tell you what the fourth world war will be fought with- stone clubs." This means that whatever weapons are used in the third world war will knock us back in time because they will be so powerful. That is also the reason he doesn't know what they will be because they will be so far advanced compared to his time. This is very possible because of the advances some countries have made in their military strength. For example, the United States executed 1054 nuclear tests between July 16, 1945 and September 23,1992. They also executed two nuclear attacks in that period although the number of actual bombs tested in that time period is far greater.

Ap Chemistry Redox Titration Lab

Redox Titration Lab ABSTRACT: In this lab, 0. 010 M purple-colored potassium permanganate solution was standardized by redox titration with iron (II) ammonium sulfate hexahydrate (FAS). The average mass of the three flasks of FAS was 0. 483 grams. Once the concentration of the standard solution of KMnO4 (aq) was determined, it was used to determine the concentration of Fe2+ in iron pills. On average, there was 0. 01813 L of solution used.With this information and the balanced net-ionic equation 10Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2*6H2O+2KMnO4+H2SO4 –> 5Fe2(SO4)3+(NH4)2SO4+K2SO4+2MnSO4+H2O, the average percentage by mass composition of Fe2+ in iron pill samples was 16. 99%. (103) INTRODUCTION: The scientific concept of this lab was to titrate potassium permanganate with iron (II) ammonium sulfate hexahydrate in order to oxidize the Fe2+ to Fe3+. Then the concentration of the standard solution of KMnO4 (aq) will be used to determine the concentration of Fe2+ in iron pills. The purpose of the lab is to first standardize a stock KMnO4 (aq), and then determine the percentage Fe2+ in iron pills. Read this Practice Test Chem 105The expected outcome of this lab was for the percentage of Fe2+ in the iron pills to be 17%. This is what was on the bottle of iron pills, and the point of the lab was to use titration to retrieve as much if the iron as possible. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The procedure for the standardization of KMnO4 (aq) was to first fill a clean 50 mL buret with 0. 0100 M KMnO4 (aq). Three clean Erlenmeyer flasks needed to be labeled, and a piece of FAS needed to be weighed to 0. 5g on a piece of weighing paper. Flask 1 was tarred and tapped into the FAS. The mass was then recorded. This was then repeated with flask 2 and 3. 0 mL of water and 5 mL of 3M H2SO4 was added to the three flasks. 50 mL of water was put in a beaker and 1 drop of permanganate solution was added. The color intensity of the mixture matched the standard and remained for 5 seconds or more. The initial volume was recorded to 0. 01 mL. Permanganate was then added to the FAS solution in flask 1 until the equivalent point was reached. The final volume was recorded and the permanganate solution used was determined. The titration process was repeated using FAS in flask 2 and 3. The flasks were then washed down the drain and rinsed with distilled water.Moles of Fe2+ ions present was calculated from the mass of FAS. The balanced equation was used to find the moles of KMnO4 needed to reach the same point. The three molarities of the permanganate solutions were then calculated. The molarities were added to the class data which would calculate the overall molarity for permanganate solutions. The procedure for the analysis of the iron pill was to first grind 2 iron pills in a mortar and pistol. There was 63 mg of iron per pill. 0. 3 grams was weighed on weighing paper, and an Erlenmeyer flask was tarred. The powder was then put in the flask and massed to 0. 01 g. This was then repeated with the second sample. 25 mL water, 15 mL 3M H2SO4, and a few drops of H3PO4(aq) was added to each fla sk and swirled until the iron pill was dissolved. The initial volume of the reading in the buret was recorded, and permanganate was added to the iron pill solution in flask 1 until the same point is reached. The final volume reading was recorded, and the exact volume of the permanganate used was found. The titration process was repeated using the iron pill in flask 2. The mixtures in flasks were washed down the drain, and the flasks were rinsed with water.The buret was rinsed with tap water and the stopcock was open for storage. RESULTS: Standardization: FAS mass Flask #1: 0. 500 gtarred: 0. 485 g FAS mass Flask #2: 0. 501 gtarred: 0. 496 g FAS mass Flask #3: 0. 497 gtarred: 0. 467 g KMnO4 |Initial V (mL) |Final V (mL) |Solution used (mL) | |Titration #1 |0. 01 |25. 45 |25. 44 | |Titration #2 |0. 00 |26. 36 |26. 36 | |Titration #3 |0. 00 |24. 31 |24. 31 | |Iron Pills: Iron Pill mass Flask #1: 0. 286 g Iron Pill mass Flask #2: 0. 293 g KMnO4 |Initial V (mL) |Final V (mL) |Solution us ed (mL) | |Titration #1 |0. 00 |18. 09 |18. 09 | |Titration #2 |0. 00 |18. 17 |18. 7 | |The data found in this lab allowed for the discovery of the percentage by composition of Fe2+ in the iron pills. For the standardization data, the different titrations is the independent variable, and the volumes of KMnO4 is the dependent variable. In order to find the percentage by composition of Fe2+ in the iron pills, the KMnO4 needed to be titrated and the starting, final, and solution used needed to be recorded. The solution used will later be used in liters to find the molarity of each flask of KMnO4. The data above the table is how much FAS was in each flask when it was tarred, and with the flask itself.For the iron pills data, the different titrations is the dependent variable, and the volumes of KMnO4 is the dependent variable. For each titration, the initial, final, and solution used is recorded on this data table also. The solution used will later be used in liters to determine the gra ms of Fe2+. The data above the table is how much iron was in each flask measured in grams. CALCULATIONS: Flask 1: 0. 485g (1 mol FAS/392. 16g) (2 mol KMnO4/10 mol FAS) = 2. 473*10-4 mol KMnO4 Flask 2: 0. 496g (1 mol FAS/392. 16g) (2 mol KMnO4/10 mol FAS) = 2. 530*10-4 mol KMnO4 Flask 3: 0. 467g (1 mol FAS/392. 6g) (2 mol KMnO4/10 mol FAS) = 2. 340*10-4 mol KMnO4 Flask 1: (2. 473*10-4 mol KMnO4/0. 02544L) = 0. 00972M Flask 2: (2. 530*10-4 mol KMnO4/0. 02636L) = 0. 00960M Flask 3: (2. 340*10-4 mol KMnO4/0. 02431L) = 0. 00980M Average M = 0. 00971M Flask 1: 0. 01809L (0. 00971 mol/1L) = 1. 7565*10-4 mol MnO4- 1. 7565*10-4 mol MnO4- (0. 00971 mol/1L) (5 mol/1 mol) = 8. 78270*10-4 mol Fe2+8. 78270*10-4 mol Fe2+ (55. 85g Fe2+/1 mol Fe2+) = 0. 04905g Fe2+ Flask 2: 0. 018171L (0. 00971 mol/1L) = 1. 7643*10-4 mol MnO4- 1. 7643*10-4 mol MnO4- (5 mol/1 mol) (0. 00971mol/1L) = 8. 8215 mol Fe2+ 8. 8215 mol Fe2+ (55. 85g/1 mol) = 0. 492g Fe2+ (0. 04905g Fe2+/0. 286g Fe2+) * 100 = 17. 15% (0. 0492 g Fe2+/0. 293g Fe2+) * 100 = 16. 82% 17. 15% + 16. 82% = 33. 97% (33. 97% / 2) = 16. 99% DISCUSSION: The results from the lab procedure fully support the lab results expected. If the validity of the lab was not reliable, then the percentage of iron in the iron pills would not be 17%. The results from the lab was 16. 99% which is extremly close to the actual percentage of iron. The results compare with the manufacturer’s stated vcalue of %Fe because the results were over the percentage depicted by the company by . 31%. There were 389. 5mg in each pill, and 16. 9% of this would be 66. 18mg. Compared to 65mg which was determined by taking 10 pills, weighing them, and dividing by 10, the desired yield was reached. Any mistake in discrepancy greater than 5% would be a mistake in the titration process or misweighed mass. Titration was used in this lab to oxidize the Fe2+ to Fe 3+ in the FAS, using potassium permanganate solution. It was then used to determine the concentration of F e2+ in iron pills. The results supported the scientific concept of titration because the process was done right and carefully in order to get the closest results to 17% as possible.There was one validity error made in the lab though while the titration process was being done. With flask #2, the stopcock on the buret was not turned parallel to the ground in time and too much KMnO4 was added to the flask. This caused the color to be more of a light magenta color, instead of a peachy or salmony color like flask #1 and #3 were. As explained before, this did not interfere with the results of the percentage of iron in the iron pills, as it was . 01% away from being exactly correct. It is still a validity error, and needs to be taken into account.For the next time this lab is performed, the person doing the titrating should be extremly careful to do it right and take their time, in order to get the best results possible. (Picture: To the left is flask #1, the middle is flask #2 and shows t he validity error, and to the right is flask #3. Flask #1 had a translucent peachy color, flask #2 had a translucent light magenta color, and flask #3 had a translucent salmon color (the lightest). ) CONCLUSION: This lab definitely explains how to do a titration, but also gives a hands on experience and visual of the chemical reaction of iron oxidizing from Fe2+ to Fe3+.It also gives a hands experience and visual of determining the concentration of Fe2+ in iron pills. This lab was quantitative because it refers to how much the amount of the present element or compound there is. The theoritical data compares to the experimental data because the theoretical data gave the conclusion that there was 17% iron in the iron pills. The experimental results gave a very similar result at 16. 99%. With those results, this lab was a success and brought to the conclusion that even with a small error with the titration, the validity of this lab is very reliable.